Once so represented, speech can be subjected to the same techniques of content analysis as natural-language text-i.e., indexing and linguistic analysis. The immediate objective of content analysis of digital speech is the conversion of discrete sound elements into their alphanumeric equivalents. Both image processing and pattern recognition have extensive applications in various areas, including astronomy, medicine, industrial robotics, and remote sensing by satellites. The stages in pattern recognition involve measurement of the object to identify distinguishing attributes, extraction of features for the defining attributes, and assignment of the object to a class based on these features. Pattern recognition is an information-reduction process: the assignment of visual or logical patterns to classes based on the features of these patterns and their relationships. Image processing is a set of computational techniques for analyzing, enhancing, compressing, and reconstructing images. The content analysis of images is accomplished by two primary methods: image processing and pattern recognition.
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